Participatory Research and Mapping Techniques †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Participatory Research and Mapping Techniques. Answer: Introduction The producer of eBay is considered as the incumbent and Amazon is deemed to be a challenger. Considering the situation of eBay and Amazon, Amazon is positioned as a company that emerged as a book seller and diversified its products to offering audio, video, jewelry and toys (Amazon., 2018). Whereas, eBay offers products just through its website and its sales rely on online auction. The objective of this paper is to employ the strategic analysis frameworks in order to carry out a detailed evaluation of the recent conditions of the combat that is eBay that can facilitate the company in evaluating strategies that can be employed in re-emerging within the new market. PESTEL analysis of the incumbent company eBay is conducted in order to evacuate can also facilitate in developing effective strategies for increasing its competitive advantages in the new market (Alho, Reis Aquino, 2015). Political Factors- Market performance of eBay s impacted of political factors that encompass market stability along with level of bureaucracy and corruption levels. In the year 2015, eBay got involved in a political controversy that made the company accused of collaborating with numerous retailers to defraud the taxman of million pounds regularly. It was also revealed that the non-EU sellers of eBay and Amazon were not paying their VAT tax in any nation that resulted in loss of million pounds yearly (Alix-Garcia et al., 2017). Economic Factors- These factors impact eBays growth and revenue prospects. The exchange rate within other currencies and USD is a factor that impacts reported profits of the company. Inflation rate change is another major economic aspect that has impact on the companys performance in international markets. MercadoLibre is a New York based listed company that is online based and e-Bay has major share in that. Moreover, considering that facts sold by these units increased by 12% and most of it was driven by drastic price increase (Arellano et al., 2017). Social Factors- The overall business of eBay is impacted by changing consumer preferences, variations in the lifestyle trends along with the buying patterns of consumers. It has been gathered that there has been gradual increase in the number of consumers those prefer online retailing in contrast to offline retailing. There has been a drastic shift in the ways of consumer purchasing along with products selling (Diniz, Kok, Hoogstra-Klein Arts, 2015). Technological Factors- Increasing advancement in the technology has indicated a drastic impact on the businesses all through the world. Business model of eBay is relied on internet that is greatly impacted by technological aspects that includes security threats, server breakdowns along with changes with respect to the online payments (Frynas Mellahi, 2015). Environmental Factors- eBay is deemed to deal with distinct environmental standards and norms that cab effect the profitability of the company in the markets (Dyer, Godfrey, Jensen Bryce, 2015). For instance, in US, Florida and Texas here are several liability clauses in case of environmental disasters or mishaps. Before entering the new markets, eBay needs to consider regulation towards ecological products and support for renewable energy. Legal Factors- eBay carefully analyses the markets before market entry as such factors can facilitate in attaining competitive edge. Such factors include anti-trust laws in specialty retail, copyright and consumer protection laws in e-commerce business on other nations. SWOT Analysis The SWOT Analysis of eBay is conducted in order to realize the strengths and weaknesses of this incumbent company that can reveal the weaknesses which resulted in Amazon to beat the company. It can also reveal opportunities through which eBay can re-enter the new market and attain competitive edge over Amazon (Editorial, 2018). Strengths Worlds widest internet marketplace Effective business model and no tough competition Economies of scale Payment system Reputation of brand Better localization Weaknesses Increased fees Absence of competitive and growth strategies Opportunities Increasing number of mobile shoppers Turning out to be a retailer Increase products and services portfolio by means of acquisition Open more online stores in other nations Threats Online security Exchange rates Increasing competitive threats from Amazon Regional decreased cost online retailers Porters Five Forces Analysis Porters five forces analysis is conducted for eBay in order to understand the competitive market within which the company runs its business. It can also facilitate the incumbent to compete successfully with Amazon as it can facilitate in developing strategies based on evaluation of external competition forces (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Threat of Substitutes (low)- eBay has three subsequent categories such as Starhub, Marketplace and Classified. A wide range of supermarket chains including Tesco, Walmart and Amazon is observed to act as great substitution to eBay marketplace. In addition, the existence of e-commerce sites of every huge supermarket chains drastically increases the significance of such threat. Media advertising is considered as the substitute for the classifieds of the company (Alho, Reis Aquino, 2015). Bargaining Power of Suppliers (low)- There are several suppliers that sell their products through eBay and for every product there are numerous suppliers that offers the company with diverse options. This decreases this power and keeps eBay in control. This power is also observed to be low as eBay is a renowned brand and is a dormant player within e-commerce sector that decreases its suppliers clout (Alho, Reis Aquino, 2015). Bargaining Power of Buyers (high)- Consumers hold high influence within online market. This is because of the reason that numerous players are emerging in the market that tries to address the needs of consumers. Sone of such risks can be decreased because of wide range of services and products available within eBay and still the consumers bargaining power is high. Threat of New Entrants (Moderate)- Technology has decreased the barriers to entry within the e-commerce industry. Ay player with enough capital to invest within the technology can develop its individual e-commerce business. The emerge of small and large competitors such as Flipcart, Alibaba and Snapdeal at the global and national levels are examples of the same (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). PayPal that is only owned subsidiary of eBay is a leading player within online payments marketplace. Moreover, established and leading players like Amazon can hack into such market with their financial and technological strength. Rivalry among Existing Companies (Medium to high)- The rivalry in the industry for eBay is observed to be highly intensive. This is because of the reason of high industry growth rate ad increasing number of business rivals. eBay competes with several distributors, retailers, search engines and mail order organizations and one of its major competitor in e-commerce industry is Amazon (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The suppliers and shipping carriers tends to hold some clout due to its limited number. Due to tough competition from better policies of Amazon the incumbent is observing less growth in its active users. TR Technology Cycle Analysis The TR Technological Cycle is intended to reevaluate the environmental impacts of the eBay packages that comes from the companys warehouses and is distributed within the local market. The two fulfillment enters those are near to the Claremont is situated in Arizona and California (Ramirez-Gomez et al., 2015). No outside manufactures are considered by the incompact company eBay that is observed in the case of its challenger company Amazon. This is because of the reason that in case the package is derived from the manufacturer situated in China, United Kingdom or in other locations. The company is observed to disregard the effects related with the production and transpiration of eBay products to the fulfillment center. eBay is recently observed to be in the growth stage and in this stage the competition is increasing and its challenger company of this incumbent that is Amazon is fighting to attain most of the e-commerce industrys market share (Rothaermel, 2015). In such situation eBay needs to develop effective competitive strategies that can facilitate this e-commerce company in attaining 500 crores mar as internet usage in the nation increases. And the people get accustomed to making the online purchases. Three Phases of Innovation Model eBay is observed to have a distinct approach in developing new mobile platforms based on following three phases of simplified innovation process. These steps include conception, implementation and marketing (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). In the conception process eBay is observed to focus on its requirement analysis, idea generation, evaluation of its new ideas along with project planning. The implementation process of eBay is focused on development, prototype development along with pilot testing and application of its innovative strategies. The marketing process of eBay is focused on production, market launch along with domestic as well as international market penetration (LRoe, Rausch, Munger Gibbs, 2016). Based on such phases, eBays international-commerce business nature, the cost leadership generic competitive strategy focusses its strategic objectives that includes decreased prices along with broad profit margins. For instance, eBay has a suitable strategic innovation strategy to develop integrating cutting-edge technologies in order to attain economies of scale. Consequences of developing such innovation strategy needs developing online digital technologies in order to attain competitive advantage over its challenger, Amazon (Lasserre, 2017). eBay as an incumbent innovates its products in a manner to position itself as a cost leader through strategic implementation of its balancing prices, profit targets along with maintaining attractiveness of the online retail platform. The dominate intensive growth innovative strategy is deemed to be market penetration. Through this intensive innovation strategy, the organization maintains business growth through increasing the number of people by means of trade by means of its multinational e-commerce platform (Percy Elliott, 2016). Recommendations based on the incumbent to re-emerge in new market Based on the market position of the incumbent company eBay, certain effective re-emerging strategy recommendations are offed to the company in attaining competitive edge over its challenger company Amazon. The recommendations are provided to the company so that it can be able to strategically respond to the internal as well as external factors related with the environment of the industry. Management of eBay is recommended to consider the growth opportunities for the business growth. Certain recommendations are also offered to the company in increasing its rate of innovation that can deal with rapid changes in technologies by Amazon and to deal with the imitation threat from new entrants. In order to reemerge in the global e-commerce market, he incumbent is recommended to increase its degree of decentralization. This can facilitate the company to enhance its business flexibility to the market difference of e-commerce. Moreover, eBay must focus on expanding its business operations in the international market that can facilitate building the economies of scale. In order to position itself in the global market eBay is recommended to innovate virtual shopping market that can facilitate the company in attaining its global market extension. The company is recommended to offers may item specifics as possible. Item specifics can describe the companys product in a better manner and can have a superior role in its product search results. For re-establishing its business in a competitive manner eBay is recommended to include five building blocks that is randomly applied all through the history of the company. This includes co-adaptation, improvisation, experimentation, regeneration along with time pacing. This can facilitate the company to include ten major principles regarding competing on edge concerned with the organization, strategy and leadership. Conclusions The objective of this paper is to employ the strategic analysis frameworks in order to carry out a detailed evaluation of the recent conditions of the combat that is eBay that can facilitate the company in evaluating strategies that can be employed in re-emerging within the new market. It is gathered from the paper that the implementation process of eBay is focused on development, prototype development along with pilot testing and application of its innovative strategies. It is also gathered that increasing advancement in the technology has indicated a drastic impact on the businesses all through the world. Business model of eBay is relied on internet that is greatly impacted by technological aspects that includes security threats, server breakdowns along with changes with respect to the online payments. References Alho, C. J., Reis, R. E., Aquino, P. P. (2015). Amazonian freshwater habitats experiencing environmental and socioeconomic threats affecting subsistence fisheries.Ambio,44(5), 412-425. Alix-Garcia, J., Rauch, L., LRoe, J., Gibbs, H. K., Munger, J. (2017). Avoided deforestation linked to environmental registration in the Brazilian Amazon. Amazon. (2018).Annualreports.com. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/NASDAQ_AMZN_2016.pdf Arellano, G., Umaa, M. N., Maca, M. J., Loza, M. I., Fuentes, A., Cala, V., Jrgensen, P. M. (2017). The role of niche overlap, environmental heterogeneity, landscape roughness and productivity in shaping species abundance distributions along the AmazonAndes gradient.Global Ecology and Biogeography,26(2), 191-202. Diniz, F. H., Kok, K., Hoogstra-Klein, M. A., Arts, B. (2015). Mapping future changes in livelihood security and environmental sustainability based on perceptions of small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon.Ecology and Society,20(2). Dyer, J. H., Godfrey, P., Jensen, R., Bryce, D. (2015). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. Wiley Global Education. Editorial, R. (2018).${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Company Profile | Reuters.com.U.S.. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-profile/EBAY.O Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K. (2015). Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Jnior, C. D. S. M., Juen, L., Hamadas, N. (2015). Analysis of urban impacts on aquatic habitats in the central Amazon basin: adult odonates as bioindicators of environmental quality.Ecological Indicators,48, 303-311. LRoe, J., Rausch, L., Munger, J., Gibbs, H. K. (2016). Mapping properties to monitor forests: Landholder response to a large environmental registration program in the Brazilian Amazon.Land Use Policy,57, 193-203. Lasserre, P. (2017).Global strategic management. Palgrave. Percy, L., Elliott, R. H. (2016).Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Ramirez-Gomez, S. O., Torres-Vitolas, C. A., Schreckenberg, K., Honzk, M., Cruz-Garcia, G. S., Willcock, S., ... Poppy, G. M. (2015). Analysis of ecosystem services provision in the Colombian Amazon using participatory research and mapping techniques.Ecosystem Services,13, 93-107. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Schmink, M., Hoelle, J., Gomes, C. V. A., Thaler, G. M. (2017). From contested to greenfrontiers in the Amazon? A long-term analysis of So Flix do Xingu, Brazil.The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1-23.

Emerging And Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Example

Emerging And Re Emerging And Re Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases The literatures selected for this paper were four: Aziz (2013), CDC (2014), Mitchell et al. (2014) and Walters & Zuckerbraun (2013), and all of them discussed this issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in a hospital setting. The article by Aziz (2013) offers information on the recent guidance for managing C difficile infection plus how nursing care can be optimized so patients can be offered care in a safe and clean environment. CDC (2014), on the other hand, offers updated info concerning Ebola virus disease EVD to clinicians working in U.S. health clinics and hospitals, with a main purpose of helping them prevent further spread of the disease while working on Ebola patients. Mitchell et al. (2014) discuss the duty of the nurse in each of these prevention and control CDI such as early instigation and maintenance of control and prevention methods, appropriate antibiotic use, and education, high standards of environmental cleanliness and surveillance. Finally, Walters & Zuckerbraun (2013) also offers guidance for managing C difficile infection plus how nursing care can be optimized so patients can be offered care in a safe and clean environment.Such articles imply that nurses will be better equipped to tackle infections that emerge and re-emerge in the hospital setting when they trying to deal with patients. However, nurses will be required to play their part and undertake further training in order to be in a better position to tackle such kinds of infections. The role of BSN nurses in preventing and managing nosocomial infections is to utilize the knowledge and skills of nursing practice and can facilitate patient recovery whereas minimizing complications linked to the infections. They can give other nurses basic strategies they need for assuring positive patient outcomes for such patients.ReferencesAziz, A. (2013). Nursing management of Clostridium diffici le infection. Nurse Prescribing, 11(1), 21-27.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2014). Ebola virus disease: Information for healthcare workers and settings. Retrieved from cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/index.html?s_cid=cs_4318Mitchell, B. G. et al. (2014). Clostridium difficile infection: nursing considerations. Nursing Standard, 28(47), 43-48.Walters, P. R. & Zuckerbraun, B. S. (2013). Clostridium difficile infection clinical challenges and management strategies. Critical Care Nurse, 34(4), 24-34.

Is It Good When Parents Help with Homework

Is It Good When Parents Help with Homework Role Of Parents In Academic Performance: How Parents Should Assist With School Assignments Essential steps for parents to assist their kids with homework To evade a migraine included, particularly while finishing long or complex assignments, I generally find a way to assist my children with their homework: Examine accessible procedures and assets; Agree on explicit principles with them; Review their school work each day; Create a reasonable report plan and set important objectives; Sit with youngsters when they begin; Communicate with their educators consistently. Examine successful tools and procedures When I assist my children with their homework, I understand that they must finish each scholastic assignment, including a report, a contextual investigation, or something different. I pick methodology sessions to make a decent arrangement. There are sure pointers to finish up with the best outcomes, including: Whether my children begin getting their work done once they return home or they have a few breaks; If they like to finish all assignments without a moments delay or they isolate them into little parts; Whether they begin with troublesome subjects. I examine ground-breaking systems without managing anything. I ask my kids applicable inquiries to give them a decision. How I concur on guidelines with my children I guarantee that all principles are clear and make them explicit, and my youngsters value my exertion. Its anything but difficult to concede to proficient offers and set explicit breaking points, and best of all, rules make it quicker to finish scholarly assignments. For what reason do I survey their school work each day? I adhere to this successful everyday practice, go over every one of the classes with my children, and request that they see homework notes or their task list. I enable them to take the lead in disclosing everything to me. If I comprehend what is expected and when, I begin asking how they intend to complete their school work, and I dont acknowledge any unclear answers. They demonstrate that youngsters require my assistance. Setting sensible investigation designs and objectives When I get comfortable with a homework timetable of my children, I enable them to make a sensible arrangement for all assignments and tests. I generally enable them to conclude this timetable. Theyre allowed to add all that they need to their everyday homework routine to exploit greater adaptability and control. For what reason do I sit with them? If my children have difficult occasions getting their work done, I take a load off to sit next to them while they work or have them in a similar room. They have more certainty and feel my help. The significance of speaking with instructors I speak with my kids instructors all the time to see whether they present their assignments on time and get some information about their school advance. That is because we have a similar objective. We need my children to make their scholastic progress, and our productive correspondence is a key mystery of getting it going. Educators dependably know when understudies require additional assistance. They can enable parents to recognize reasonable assets and offer proposals to enable them to enhance their scholastic execution quick and effectively. I do my best to keep the lines of correspondence profitable and open to motivate the chance to illuminate a wide range of homework issues as they emerge. What botches do parents make when helping their children? I did my profound investigation on this issue to determine how to assist my youngsters with their homework and preserve a deliberate space from the regular missteps that numerous parents make. This is what helped me distinguish their key arrangements. These blunders include: Doing homework anyplace and whenever; Complaints about the excellence and quantity of homework; Doing homework for children; Understanding it similarly as a specific method to get new information; Converting it into standard contentions Performing home assignment anyplace and whenever A few parents let their kids do their school work in the lounge room while sitting in front of the TV appears or in the kitchen while having their supper; however, its a major slip-up. How to preserve a deliberate space from it? I set an agreeable situation for my children to finish their scholarly activities and I generally urge them to set a timetable for them. Protests about the eminence and quantity of homework Numerous parents grumble about the quality and amount of allotted homework; however, I like to acknowledge the truth. Staying away from homework is difficult. If individuals see that school ventures are past the capacity of their kids, they should see instructors and illuminate them about that while regarding their expert choices. Theres a great deal of work. Performing school tasks for children at home I imagine that doing everything myself is a terrible thought, and that is the reason I enable my youngsters to expand their working limit and learn discipline. Sound judgment is a decent device that all grown-ups should utilize. I straighten a few errors that my children make. My fundamental objective isnt to make their outcomes immaculate, however, to enable them to do everything themselves to discover increasingly about issues and their successful arrangements. Instructors are in charge of classroom amendments. Comprehending homework similarly as a specific method to get new learning Finishing assignments normally strengthen learning aptitudes and give all understudies an incredible chance to figure out how to function freely. Parents can clarify answers. I trust that it bodes well to assist my children with finding them on the web, in their course readings, or different sources. Changing over homework into customary contentions Numerous parents end up belligerence with their children when endeavoring to help with their school ventures. I convert it into a time of peacefulness. Its unsafe for kids to confront nervousness and worry at home since they have numerous stresses at school, and they would prefer not to contend. To uphold a deliberate distance from the previously mentioned slip-ups, I encourage all parents to get proficient help if they have any troubles with their youngsters homework. In what capacity would professionals be able to help? Our master group can furnish understudies with the best answers for the majority of their scholarly issues quick.

Scopes Monkey Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scopes Monkey Trial - Essay Example ospital and spent most of his time there making observations of the professors during his stay at Baltimore and wrote informative opinions on the four famous doctors and being a famous journalist of his times his writings are considered important especially in the field of sciences. (Roberts, 2010) John Scopes was the teacher convicted in Scopes Monkey trial for teaching evolution in school going against the Bulter Act. Scopes being a learned man believed in Darwin’s theory and taught the theory of evolution to the general science students. His contribution to science especially among the schools in Tennessee was that his trial became the first ever trial to be broadcasted on the radio and hence the helped in spreading the popularity of Darwin’s theory .It helped consider the legitimacy of teaching evolution theory to students (Frazzetto, 2004). Darrow was a well known lawyer. He joined the Scope’s Trial as defendant lawyer particularly because the prosecutor was W.J. Bryan and Darrow considered it once in a life time opportunity to defend a case that was immense importance in those times. Darrow was considered an amateur scientist and he grew up reading and indulging in science was never against the theory of evolution which helped him defend the case. However, one of most famous role of Darrow’s in science was his movement against eugenics. His idea of eugenics was rather sceptical and he wrote several articles aimed against the idea of Eugenics which he believed was doom for the human society (Darrow, 1926). W.J. Bryan was a politician and was concerned with teaching of evolution in the schools. He was the main prosecutor in the Scope’s Monkey Trial. He looked upon scientific theories with suspicion a nd considered science was responsible for weak moral standards of students (Linder, 2004).During the trial he handed out pamphlets which talked against Darwin’s evolution theory. However he contributed to the field of medical sciences by

Help me make a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Help me make a topic - Essay Example However, the term globalization gained prominence during the mid-1980s, and more so, after the 1990s. Scholars denote that innovation plays an important role in ensuring the development of globalization. They argue that innovations in telecommunications and information technology have led to the reduction of international and national transactions. Because of these reductions, opportunities in manufacturing have increased, especially so in remote areas (Rivoli, 31). This is because it is easy to communicate with various players within the manufacturing industry, at whatever location they are. Effective communication is an important element of the manufacturing process. Another important factor that has led to globalization is the various changes in the governance structure of the various national countries. These countries have opened up their economies, leading to free flow of goods, resulting to commerce. There are four basic elements of globalization, namely transactions and trade, migration of people and their movements, capital movement and investments, and dissemination of knowledge (Caporaso and Mary, 33). Basing on this background, this paper analyzes the globalization of coffee in its early stages of globalization. That is the periods of 1960s and 1970s. Coffee was introduced in African, Asia and some parts of America by the colonialists. During this period, colonial governments grew the product in their colonies for purposes of satisfying their domestic markets. For example, the British introduced coffee in the colonies of East Africa, and some countries of West Africa. They grew this product, and after harvesting, they took the coffee beans to Britain for processing and consumption. When they left, their colonies began to produce the substance for export, and as a means of earning foreign exchange (Peyser and Bill, 42). For instance in Kenya, the government that took over

Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essay

Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essay travel and tourism, lodging, assemble and event management, restaurant and managed serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Walker 2009. On the whole, these components have interrelated nature because they support each other, together aim at a common target: best customer service. The outstanding characteristics of hospitality and tourism industry are: long working hours and people have to work in shifts. The most important feature of this sector is that it focuses heavily on customers satisfaction but it is also intangible and perishable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Walker, 2009). As a result, in order to be successful in this highly competitive industry, managers should consider several factors to ensure the success for their hotels, such as: customers focus, understanding of the role of the guest contact employees; weave a service culture into education and training system (Walker, 2009). On the other hand, the severity of the market and the economy crisis also encouraged hotel creating the alliance and association to be more successful. For example, Global Hotel Alliance (GHA) is a collection of 15 upscale and luxury regional hotel brands from across the world. Choose from 300 hotels, palaces and resorts in 52 countries around the world, each one reflecting the distinctive culture and traditions of their locations (Walker, 2009). They can gain more profits and saving by sharing the promotions and making chain services between members. I think in the normal condition, when the social, economic and political environment is stable, hotels tend to compete with each other to expand their markets as well as to generate more revenue. However, when the external environment encounters any changes, such as the recent economic crisis, hotels might want to cooperate to help each other overcome troubles. . In the future, hoteliers have to deal with several unprecedented issues such as short booking window or develop mobile booking, which never happened in the past (Hotels, 2011). There are more and more new technologies applied in hospitality and tourism to increase productivity and optimize the strategy. The hi-tech equipment will also attract the Y generation who rely much on those devices daily. Exercise 1 The image Umbrella might symbolize for the square of flat and the speed of opening umbrella. As shown above, Hospitality Industry is a wide segment, which contains many relevant sub majors. It is even said that under the umbrella of travel and tourism, countless professions are necessary to meet the needs and wants of people away from home (Walker 2009). All of these majors one by one continually provide customers with necessary services when they are away from home. For instance, people might need a car to travel (Travel and Tourism majors task), then they might want to book a room at 4 star hotel to sleep (Lodging service). After that customers want to visit a park (Recreation service) and finally they book a table at their hotel to have dinner (Restaurant service). I think in the future, with the development of technology, people will know more about their options and they might have new desire. Thus there will be more professions under the umbrella of hospitality and tourism and they may attach more closely through electronic devices to each other. Exercise 2 VIETNAM Figure 1.The number of tourists from 2008 2010 in Vietnam (Source: General statistics Office of Vietnam) In the graph, the data of outbound customers in Vietnam was not shown for several reasons. The number of tourist growth significant from 2008 to 2010. There is a slight decrease in inbound data in 2009 around 1.5 millions visitors while the figure of domestic rapidly raised more than 3 millions visitors per year. In fact, only the data on international visitors to Vietnam are published monthly, and data on domestic and total revenue from tourism is often only reported in the six months of the annual meeting of the industry. Deputy General Director of the General Statistics Office said Tran Thi Hang, program surveys, national statistics, the new unit every 2-3 years she expenditure survey of international visitors to Vietnam, domestic tourists foreign and domestic travel once.(Chile, 2012). Lacking information might prevent the authorities from making policy plan as well as prediction about the long term and short-term development of tourism and the development of market. As a result, the government might not control the domestic tourism and outbound like taxing, foreign exchange, support the customers right, responsibilities of travel agents, hotels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. AUSTRALIA Figure 1. The number of tourists from 2008 2010 in Australia (Sources: Tourism Research Australia, 2012; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011; Overseas Arrivals and Departures, 2012) As can be seen, the tourism market of Australia was stable with slight decreases. The total number of tourists in 2008 was 81,495,000 visitors while there were 79,793,000 visitors in 2010. Meanwhile, the number of Vietnam tourism market rose dramatically over a period of 3 years. In 2008 and 2009, the tourism sector of Australia was influenced slightly by the economy crisis. However, the data of inbound and domestic customers in Vietnam kept increasing steadily. From my perspective, during the difficult time of economy, people want to redirect their destinations to developing countries to save money. Table .1 Compare the Employment in tourism by sectors Vietnam (2010) Australia (2010) Direct labour 434, 240 513,900 Accommodation and food services 207,600 232,400 Travel agency and transport 65,800 92,500 Indirect labour 955,350 393,400 Other services 160,840 189,000 Total 1,389,600 907,300 (Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2011 and Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011; Tourism Research Australia, 2012) As can be seen, the total number of people working in Hospitality segment in Vietnam is much higher than the number of Australia (around 1,4 million and 900 thousand respectively). However, the number of direct labour of Vietnam is lower than Australias (434 thousand and 513 thousand). On the other hand, Vietnam has more people contribute indirectly to hospitality industry than Australia has (about 955 thousand and 393 thousand). In my opinion, Vietnamese labour force is much abundant than that of Australia and this matter might lead to both strong points and drawbacks. First of all, as for the advantages, hospitality industry might have cheap labour cost, which save them a lot of expense. However, the labour force in Vietnam is not equal in quality and easy to be replaced. TOPIC 2 CURRENT ISSUES FOR THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY A brief history Four Season Hotel From a small hotel opened in Toronto, Canada, Four Season Corporation becomes a great international hotel group, which provides the most luxurious and satisfactory services to customers. In this exercise, I would like to outline the development and expansion of Four Season globally. Canada In 1961 the first Four Seasons hotel opened at Toronto, Canada by Issy Sharp England In 1970, Inn on the Park London (later renamed Four Seasons Hotel London) opened. USA In 1976, the Four Seasons officially enter the American market Maui In 1990, Four Seasons launched its first tropical resort, in Maui. Asia In 1992 Four Seasons started their expansion to Asia with the first hotel opened in Tokyo. In 2002 Four Seasons entered Chinese market with the hotel in Shanghai. In May 2008, Four Seasons marked its entry into the Indian market Middle East In 2000, launched the first hotel in the Middle East (Four Seasons Cairo).There followed a prominent extension in the region. Four Season Hotel today As shown above, Four Seasons step by step expand its operation and influences to the international hospitality industry. Nowadays, Four Seasons exist in almost continental and one of the most potential markets is Asia since Asian market is developing and it is going to be the biggest market by 2020 (Amadeus report November 2012) . Evaluation Currently, with 88 hotels and resorts in 35 countries, Four Seasons has strong reputation, which provides high level services delivered by well -trained staff. I think that one of the reasons make Four Seasons become distinctive among competitors is the responsibility to bring new experience to customers. For example, Four Seasons is going to introduce the first Around-The-World by Private Jet tour trip, a brand new, unique service to customers (Four Seasons Corporate Newsletter A September 28, 2012). Four Seasons Hotel group has huge impacts to the global business world in terms of innovative service and technological progress. For example, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts has been ranked number one in Digital IQ Index: Hotels report for the appliance of digital platform (Four Seasons Corporate Newsletter B September 28, 2012). The main global challenges Speaking of the global strategies, I believe that proving the memorable experiences for guests and quality relationships with employees and business partners (According to Michael D. Johnson, the Cornell Hospitality Hotel Schools dean) and following its living values are two of the major strategies that Four Seasons apply. The living values include: supporting sustainability, building communities and advancing cancer research. TOPIC 3 OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES AND THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR Discussion questions The different hotel ownership options Hotel ownership options Advantages Disadvantages Owned by a single entity or group that has hired a hotel management company to operate the property A qualified and experienced manager operates the properties. Hotel owners and management companies might conflict. Lower benefit for owners. A hotel chain Existing good reputation, operation manners, staff training. Hotel chain has the same standard quality of services and products. Require huge initial resources The different hotel in chain might compete with each other. A major change in hotel chains need a lot of money and time. A franchise The products and services have already been developed and have reputation. The franchisee used the logo, slogan, marketing and financial assistance of the franchisor to start the business, old market, a network of loyal and low-priced supplies. The cost opening a franchise need a lot of money for brand, signage,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If your franchise decides to go through a major change. A franchisee may be required to upgrade facilities and signage, all at your expense. Reputation: Name recognition is one of the biggest advantages in purchasing a franchise. If the brands reputation suffers for any reason, however, the franchisees also suffer from poor consumer perception. Limited growth potential: a franchisee cannot franchise an operation and must look instead to purchasing additional franchises. City Hotels in Sydney: Shangri-La Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel, Sheraton, InterContinentalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Resort Hotels in Sydney: Old Sydney Park royal, Parramatta Apartments, Park Lodge Hotel, Renaissance Sydney Hotel, Waldorf Apartment Hotel, Waldorf East Sydney, Woolloomooloo Waters Hotelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Pricing differences for accommodation packages The price for Residential Hotels accommodation package includes: + Room service, maid service, laundry facilities. + Cooking facilities, especially for children. The price for All Suite Hotels accommodation package includes: + Room service, maid service, laundry facilities. + Separate bedroom and living areas and full kitchen + Housekeeping service + Food and beverage services are available through room service. The price for Resort Hotels accommodation package includes: + Accommodation with full experiments. + Full facilities such as massage and salon treatment, swimming pool, scuba diving, climbing mountainsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ + Food and beverage service or restaurants with many of choices. City Center Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. + Food and beverage service in restaurants Airport Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. Motels: + Accommodation with full furniture. Transient Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. Bed and Breakfast. + Room service, breakfast. The typical guest mix of two types hotel The city centre hotels have certain advantages like: + Convenient locations + A variety of accommodation rooms + Food and beverage outlets depending on demand and customers + Facilities like gift shops, swimming pools, spa and sauna à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ + Convention facilities such as conference rooms, convention equipment The customers of city centre hotels: + Corporate individuals + The senior corporate groups + Leisure customers + Convention and/or association groups + Tour groups + Government and military travellers + Regional getaway or weekend travellers. The city centre hotels have some advantages like: + Rooms with full amenities + Providing room service, maid service, laundry facilities + Full equipped with cooking facilities and recreational facilities for children Residential hotels guest mix might include: + Long-term stay guests: military or government employees + Leisure travellers or back packers Compare cruise ships and resort hotels There are many similarities of cruise ships and resort hotels that make people think cruise is floating resort. Both cruise ships and resort hotels aim at customers who want enjoy a long period holiday. Their infrastructures of cruise ships and resort hotels are the combination of different buildings and facilities inside their areas, such as rooms, restaurants, swimming pool, spa and sauna area, entertains areaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Both cruise ships and resort hotels activities rely on climate and season However, there are many differences between these two kinds of hotels and compare with their expectation to choose the most suitable one for them. Firstly, the experience between cruise ships and resort hotels is so different. The cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages. An advantage to choosing a cruise line is the unique experience of sailing from island to island(Banks, n.d ). The view from a private balcony on a cruise ship is enough to make anyone feel like a world traveller. Cruise ship spends most of its time on the ocean, customers can entertain many activities which is provided free facilities. It is available both day and night and is generally more engaging than the entertainment that is offered at an all-inclusive resort (Banks, n.d ). The customers can sleep the night away while they are traveling to the next destination, leaving they refreshed to embark on a new adventure(Banks, n.d ). One disadvantage to choosing an all-inclusive resort is that customer will only see one destination(Banks, n.d ). The entertainment at an all-inclusive resort is also usually less diverse than a cruise ship(Banks, n.d ). However, experience of resort might be the favourable climate and wide range of recreational activities(Banks, n.d ). Resort hotels are often located at comfortable climate regions such as beaches, hills or mountains(Banks, n.d ). Consequently, cruise ships and resort aim at different groups of customers, who have different demand in terms of, experience, services Case study: The case study presents the strategy of Royal Hotel about a renovation program. This hotel had a loyal clientele and ranked as a top of the line property. Hotel do not want to take the risk of losing customers to competitors then managers decided to remain open and keep in operation any rooms or portions of the hotel which did not have to be shut down for construction. Those problems is the cause that the customers complaint about ongoing construction in public areas and hallways, along with the attendant dust, confusion, and noise. In this situation, some necessary solutions should be given including: Isolating construction areas from the rest of the building by signs, advertising background in order to separate the working areas of builders from areas for customers. Minimizing the impact of noise, dust, and construction materials. Increasing organizational activities, events to disperse the attention of customers from the repairing areas. Increasing promotion and other benefits for customers who were affected by the refurbishment. The conditions needed for the solution include the promotional programs and the budget for negotiation with customers in particular situations. Besides, the renovation program should be speeded up to reduce noise and affects to customers. TOPIC 4 ROOMS DIVISION AN OVERVIEW FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Reading This article proposes a resort classification system which provide definition stating minimum qualifications for a resort and proposes a classification system based on range and scope of amenities (Brey 2011). However, there are many categorizing resorts made by national governments About the definition, Focusing on resorts as real estate developments, a definition by Schmitz et al. (2008) requires three primary characteristics: inclusion in master-planned real estate developments, proximity or easy access to significant amenities, and lodging(Brey 2011). In an effort to standardize a diverse group of resorts, the Organization of American States (OAS) placed minimum structural and supplementary requirements to unite individual rating systems throughout the Caribbean (Caribbean Innkeeper 2007). While these clarification activities have successfully served a specific purpose, they lack industry-wide application As for classification, the first category, destination resort, serve as the primary motivation to visit a destination and have characteristically high levels of service(Brey 2011). Next, intermediate resort, typically located in a rural location, provides a range of activities and amenities that is not as comprehensive as what is found at destination resorts. Lastly, specialized resort, can be found in any location and provide a focused experience around one signature amenity or anchor attribute. We can see the important role of classification its helps the managers can control, evaluate and and make strategy plan for their resort. The online travel agents bring to the hotel many benefits and drawbacks, they are also important distribution channel to make hotels inventory available to global audience. Hospitality providers want to use technology to distribute their inventory directly, it is impossible to deny the role of online travel agent currently. Many hotel bookings are implemented through online travel agents and online tools. As for advantages, the relationship between hotels and the online travel agents called LOVE. Online intermediaries have evolved to cover different models, reach different market. Hotels and online travel agent need each other, hotel need agent to drive demand and agent need hotels to offer services. Both sides need each other, both hotels and the online travel agents develop and rely on each other to develop. However, hotels loss the power to contribute by themselves, they must share more commissions to pay for agent then fewer profitability. That is the reason why hotels HATE the online travel agents. The love hate relationship seems to be most intense between large hotel group and large online travel agents. Since the large hotel create a monopoly amongst online agents. In general, online travel agents and intermediaries are now essential part of the industry and as for the hotel, an absolute necessity. Revenue management and sales staff have close relation with each other because they together make decisions regarding rate, accept group business and forecast. However, they can foster better coordination to minimize the misunderstanding and understand thoroughly the others main tasks. We understand in some ways that revenue management team include sales and revenue management personnel. One way to improve group revenue management functions is to expand the collabouration of sales and revenue management personnel, particularly in pricing (Cross, Higbie, and Cross 2009) and forecasting (Milla and Shoemaker 2008). Revenue management team are responsible for: Whether to accept a group offer and forecast room block utilization to ensure that rooms will be filled or released for sale to transient guests. Although having the frequency of formal meetings, the two respondent groups are still having certain informal meetings. With regard to formal meetings, the highest mentioned frequencies were daily or one or two times per week. The informal meeting to help communication between the revenue management and sales functions better. Case Study: The case study describes the new position for Morgan Black in the Coug Inn. The Cougar- Inn is in a remote location near local university, with 150-room full-service property with several medium-sized conference rooms. After observing, Morgan Black found out some problems of the front desk: the check-in process which still in the traditional process and the poor communication between housekeeping and the font desk. Morgan wants to use the automated property management system, however the front desk manager do not think it is worth money In my opinion, Morgan should consider a number of issues like employee habit, the ability to budget for the system and the adaptation of employees to work with systems. The proposed check-in time of the font desk Morgan need to determine whether the front desk clerks really need more time to arrange check-in. Which the crunch time which because of the reservation process or complex reservation form or poor communication between the parts such as front desk, reservation and housekeeping by the language or the process? Morgan should present the solutions for the communication issue between housekeeping and the font desk. There is the needed aware of communication between each department. The international language must be English for business and the hotel should have training English and automated property management system. The manager of housekeeping should have rules to encourage staff using English in work. On the other hand, using automated property management system will help to minimize the mistake in communication; the transmitted information will be more accurate. In the easier way, Morgan should hire new employee who can use international business English in workplace. The final decision requires the participation of the corporate office, the font desk, reservation and housekeeping. The corporate office will control the budgets, who will decide where the money comes and which is worth for investment. The font desk are the staff for a long time and the corporate office needs to give their ideas and advice before any methods are implemented. The housekeeping must concern for understanding their role in new property management system. Topic 5 Food and Beverage The two basic types of beer and three Australian common brands Beer is generally categorized into types according to the type of yeast used during fermentation. Ales are beers that use top-fermenting yeast, while lagers are those that use bottom-fermenting yeast. The choice of yeast provides the beer different characteristics, which can alter the look and taste of the brew (Richard, 2007 ) The two types of beer are also different in other ways. For instance, ales are fermented in a warmer temperature, which is why it takes a shorter amount of time to ferment. On the other hand, lagers are fermented in moderate temperatures. The warm fermentation temperature also gives ales a nutty or fruity taste. Ale Lager Thousands of years old Relatively new Fermented warm Fermented cold Top fermentation Bottom fermentation Yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae Yeast Saccharomyces Uvarum Quick brew cycle as little as 7 days Longer brew cycle up to several months Usually brewed between 59 77 degrees F Usually brewed between 40 and 55 degrees F Strong, assertive, and more robust in taste Smoother, crisper, and more subtle in taste and aroma Served not too cool, usually 50-55 degrees F, 10-14 degrees C,  sometimes called  cellar temperature. Served cold, usually 40-45 degrees F, 4-7 degrees C. Table 5.1 The differences between Ale and Lager (Source: Richard, 2007 What is the difference between an ale and a lager?) The two major beer producers Carlton United Breweries (CUB) is one of the most iconic beer companies in Australia with our history going back to 1824(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) In 2011, we demerged from our wine arm and became part of the SABMiller group, the second largest brewer in the world. This has allowed us to return to our heritage and core strength as a brewer(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) CUB alcohol beverage sales team services over 17,000 customers across the on-premise and off-premise channels and our national brewing, logistics and sales network delivers to over 20,000 customers including hotels, clubs, liquor stores, restaurants and bars(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Victoria Bitter (VB) has long been Australias favourite beer, and is specially brewed to deliver full flavour when ice cold, making it the ideal beer for the Australian climate(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) VB is a full flavoured, full strength beer at 4.9%; the gentle fruitiness of the aroma compliments the sweet maltiness in the mouth which in turn balances perfectly with the clean hop bitterness of the finish(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,); Crown Lager is Australias premium lager beer(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) It has a creamy fruitiness with a rich, malty mid-palate, bal ­anced with the crisp, clean finish of Pride of Ringwood hops(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Brewed from the finest malt and hops, using CUBs original and unique strain of brewing yeast, extended storage softens, and rounds out, the flavours produced during fermentation, ALC/VOL: 4.9%(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Carlton Draught is a traditional, full-strength lager that is crisp on the mid-palate with a good malt character and smooth full-bodied flavour(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Clean hop bitterness gives the brew a slightly dry finish. Synonymous with the origins of the brewery itself, Carlton Draught is renowned for tasting as fresh as it did the day it was brewed. And its that kind of consistency in taste thats been important to Australians for generations. ALC/VOL: 4.6%(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Miller Genuine Draft is the original easy drinking beer cold filtered four times for a crisp, smooth and refreshing taste. MGD contains no additives or preservatives. ALC/VOL: 4.7%(Carlton  Ã‚  United Breweries ,n.d,) Lion is a beverage company that operates in Australia and New Zealand and produces and markets a range of beer, wine, RTDs and spirits(Lion, n.d) Tooheys New is the classic, easy-drinking Australian lager brewed with no artificial additives and no preservatives(Lion, n.d). Its lightly hopped, malty character delivers the perfect balance of bitter and sweet beer flavours XXXX GOLD is a refreshing mid-strength beer that continues the great tradition of FOUREX brewing heritage, by being brewed with the finest Australian malt, barley and unique golden cluster hops. XXXX GOLD has a balanced, smooth flavour and body, complimented by mild bitterness and a trace of sweetness from the extra malt.(Lion, n.d) Hahn premium beer is only as good as its ingredients. Thats why our pioneering team scoured the globe to assemble three special hops, one of which is grown in Germany on the Hersbruck Hills, north of Munich. Its that unwillingness to settle for anything but the best that makes Hahn Premium.(Lion, n.d) James Squire is produced by the Malt Shovel Brewery in Sydney. The beer is named after the convict brewer James Squire, who is claimed to have created Australias first commercial brewery.The brewery has won various awards including: Champion Australasian Brewery, 2000 and 2003 (Australian International Beer Awards),[14] and Best Bohemian-Style Pilsener, 2008 (World Beer Cup)(Lion, n.d) The boutique breweries Boutique breweries :A small brewery, generally producing fewer than 10,000 barrels of beer and ale a year and frequently selling its products on the premises. Also called microbrewery. Three Australian boutique beers include: Carlton and United Breweries owned by Fosters Group Main Beers: VB, Crown Lager, Carlton Draught, Pure Blonde and Reschs Pilsener Tooheys owned by Lion Nathan Main Beers: Tooheys New, Tooheys Old and Tooheys Extra Dry Castlemaine Perkins owned by Lion Nathan Main Beers: XXXX Bitter, XXXX Gold, XXXX Light, XXXX Summer Bright Lager The most popular overseas beers Heineken is a pale lager beer with 5% alcohol by volume produced by the Dutch brewing company Heineken International. Aroma: A slight bit of sweet graininess and no hop aroma. As the beer warms up there is more of a malt character present. Again, unlike the almost undrinkable bottle version, the can has the aroma of a nice to style lager. Appearance: Just like it should be, a light gold colour and crystal clear. Head retention is white and does not persist. Flavour: Nice and dry, but crisp. There is a definite yeast character that seems to work well with the slight hop bitterness. No hop flavour to speak of. No dactyl, and there is a definite carbonic bite from the carbonation. Overall: A very drinkable beer that benefits from being packaged in a light and oxygen free can. Modelo Especial: It is an American lager produced by the produced by Grupo Modelo in 1925 Aroma: Light struck, of course. Other than the skunk, some bready, thin malt profile. Sweet mildly bitter grains, corn. Appearance: Pale yellow. High clarify. Lots of rising bubbles. No lacing. Flavour: Better than the aroma. Mild malt sweetness, corn and maybe rice. Some bitter bite at the end Overall Impression: Very easy to drink, bland and insubstantial San Miguel Pale Pilsen: produced by San Miguel Corporation from Philippines Aroma: aroma of malt sweetness, bit of citrus with

Alcohol Regarding Air Pilots

The dangers of drinking and driving are now well known, so that it may be considered self-evident that drinking and flying are also incompatible. However, aviation is very unforgiving of mistakes and the complexity of powered flight far exceeds that of road transport.Slight and subtle errors on the part of an intoxicated pilot are thus potentially far more serious than for the intoxicated driver, and can have devastating consequences. Because of this, and despite the relative rarity of aviation accidents, safeguards to prevent drinking and flying need to be much more stringent than those employed to prevent drinking and driving.Statement of the ProblemAlcohol use may lead to accidents in aviation. Air pilots are not well-informed about the metabolism of alcohol and the effects that are produced by the consumption of alcohol on the performance. If the blood alcohol concentration becomes zero, the performance of the air pilots still can be impaired due to alcohol.Hazard perception perf ormance has been identified as one source of individual differences in accidents. Thus, if alcohol adversely affects pilots’ hazard perception performance, then such an effect may underlie, at least in part, the increased accident risk associated with drink-flying.Research Question and Sub-QuestionsQ. 1. What are the alcohol related problems amongst air pilots?Q.2. what are the occupational and sub-cultural factors thought to encourage heavy drinking amongst air pilots?Q.3. Do cockpit environmental influences upon alcohol induce impairment of air pilots’ performance?Q. 4. What are the indirect indicators of alcohol consumption by air pilots?Q. 5. What is the relationship between blood alcohol concentration and impairment of performance?Significance of the StudyThis study involves primary and secondary research methods for the collection of data. This paper seeks to review the published literature on alcohol and aviation. The main issues to be addressed will concern ava ilable evidence regarding the level of alcohol consumption by pilots and the problems that ensue as a result of such consumption. Some reference will also be made to alcohol consumption by passengers, ground staff and others, and to problems with other psychoactive drugs of misuse.This study will examine alcohol's effects on hazard perception; that is, the process of identifying hazardous objects and events in the traffic system and quantifying their dangerous potential. This research will be conducted to study air pilots across the spectrum of drink-flying practices, from non-drink-pilots to individuals convicted of flying while impaired (FWI), and to examine the effects of a moderate dose of alcohol on their HPPs. the present study will compare the HPPs of four groups of air pilots: FWI offenders, impaired pilots, non impaired drink-pilots and non drink-pilots.Research DesignSecondary research method will be used for the collection of data for Q.1- Q. 7. The secondary sources will include scholarly journals, previously published academic material, articles, magazines etc. Primary research method will be used for the collection of data for Q. 8.MethodologySubjectsThey will be recruited with the aim of attaining an equal number of participants in four drink-flying groups: FWI offenders, impaired pilots, moderate drink-pilots and non drink-pilots. To achieve this aim, approximately 50 individuals will be identified as potential subjects.DesignA two-by-four, experimental condition by drink-flying category design will be used. Experimental condition (no alcohol and moderate alcohol (0.05% BAC)) will be a within-subjects factor and drink-flying category (FWI offenders, impaired pilots, moderate drink-pilots and non drink-pilots) will be a between-subjects factor.